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Vitamins & Minerals

Vitamin D (25-OH)

In the UK, the standard clinical (NHS) reference range for Vitamin D (25-OH) is 30-100 nmol/L, with 100-150 nmol/L considered the performance-optimised range. A result within these ranges suggests typical status; only a qualified clinician can interpret an individual reading.

Vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) is a fat-soluble hormone precursor synthesised in the skin upon UVB exposure and obtained through diet. It plays a critical role in calcium absorption, immune regulation, and gene expression across hundreds of pathways. Blood levels of 25-OH-D are the gold standard for assessing vitamin D status.

Last reviewed: 11 June 2026


Optimal Ranges

What is the optimal range for Vitamin D?

Clinical (NHS) Range

30-100 nmol/L

nmol/L

Performance-Optimised Range

100-150 nmol/L

nmol/L

Vitamin D (25-OH) reference ranges (UK)
RangeValueUnit
Clinical (NHS) reference range30-100 nmol/Lnmol/L
Performance-optimised range100-150 nmol/Lnmol/L

The clinical range defines what is considered medically “normal” — broad enough to cover 95% of the population. The performance range reflects where research and clinical experience suggest most people feel and function at their best. A result in either range suggests typical status and is not a diagnosis; any individual reading should be interpreted by a qualified clinician.


Why It Matters

Why Vitamin D matters for performance

Vitamin D is one of the most common deficiencies in the UK, particularly during autumn and winter when UVB exposure drops to near zero. For men focused on performance, suboptimal vitamin D is linked to reduced testosterone production, impaired muscle protein synthesis, and slower recovery from training. Studies consistently show that men with levels above 40 ng/mL have higher free testosterone and better muscular function than those in the low-normal range.


Symptoms

What are the symptoms of low or high Vitamin D?

Low / Deficiency

  • Fatigue and low energy
  • Muscle weakness and aches
  • Low mood and seasonal depression
  • Frequent illness and slow recovery
  • Bone pain and stress fractures

High / Excess

  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Kidney stones
  • Hypercalcaemia (elevated calcium)
  • Confusion and disorientation

Dietary Sources

Which foods support Vitamin D levels?

Oily fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines)Egg yolksFortified dairy and plant milksLiverMushrooms exposed to UV light

Supplementation

How do you improve Vitamin D levels?

Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is the preferred form, dosed at 1,000-4,000 IU daily depending on baseline levels. Co-supplementation with vitamin K2 (MK-7) is recommended to direct calcium into bones rather than soft tissue. Fat-soluble — take with a meal containing dietary fat for optimal absorption. Retest at 90 days to confirm response.


Testing

How is Vitamin D tested in the UK?

Vitamin D is measured from a blood sample. With Helvy, that means a finger-prick kit taken at home and posted to a UKAS-accredited UK laboratory, with results in around 5 days, reviewed by a qualified clinician. Your result is reported against both the clinical range (30-100 nmol/L) and the performance-optimal range (100-150 nmol/L), so you can see not just whether you are “normal” but whether you are optimal. If you make a change, retest after 8-12 weeks to confirm it worked.


Research

Key study

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone levels in men

Pilz S, Frisch S, Koertke H, et al.

Hormone and Metabolic Research (2011)

DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269854

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This content is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Your data suggests areas for optimisation, but any concerns should be discussed with a qualified healthcare professional. If your results flag values outside safe ranges, we recommend consulting your GP.